The Medicine Guide by SIRI

  We all know drinking water is important, but how and when you drink matters just as much! Smart Hydration Tips: 1. Start your day with 1 glass of water on an empty stomach – it helps flush toxins. 2. Sip, don’t gulp – drinking slowly improves absorption. 3. Avoid too much water during meals – it can dilute digestive enzymes. 4. Add lemon or cucumber slices for natural electrolytes. 5. Listen to your body – thirst is the best signal, don’t force excess water. 6. Carry a reusable water bottle to avoid dehydration. 7. Choose room-temperature water instead of ice-cold for better digestion. Conclusion Hydration is more than just “8 glasses a day.” Drink the right amount, the right way, and your body will thank you with better energy, skin, and digestion.

  Introduction Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It is commonly prescribed to treat hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function. Uses of Levothyroxine 1. Treatment of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid). 2. Used in patients with goiter (enlarged thyroid). 3. Prevents recurrence of thyroid cancer after surgery. 4. Helps in certain cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Dosage Dosage is individualized based on age, weight, and thyroid hormone levels. Typical adult dose: 25–200 mcg once daily, taken in the morning. Must be taken on an empty stomach, at least 30–60 minutes before breakfast. Side Effects (usually if dose is too high) Nervousness, anxiety Tremors Increased heart rate (palpitations) Insomnia Weight loss Heat intolerance Serious but rare side effects: Chest pain Severe headache Shortness of brea...

  What is Diclofenac? Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain and inflammation. It is widely prescribed for arthritis, muscle pain, and injuries. Uses Osteoarthritis & rheumatoid arthritis Muscle pain, back pain, sprains Post-surgical pain Migraines (in some forms like rapid-release tablets) How It Works Diclofenac blocks COX enzymes (cyclooxygenase-1 and 2), which reduces prostaglandins — the chemicals that cause pain, swelling, and fever. Dosage (General) Adults: Usually 50–100 mg per day in divided doses. Available as tablets, gels, eye drops, injections, and patches. Side Effects Stomach upset, acidity, nausea Headache, dizziness Long-term use: risk of ulcers, kidney or heart problems Precautions Take after food to reduce stomach irritation Avoid in patients with peptic ulcer, severe kidney/heart disease Should not be used during late pregnancy Forms Available Oral tablets & capsules Topical gels/creams for joint or muscle pain...

  Coconut water is called nature’s energy drink for a reason! Rich in electrolytes – great for rehydration after exercise or heat. Supports heart health – contains potassium which helps control blood pressure. Boosts digestion – its natural enzymes aid in better digestion. Low in calories – a healthy alternative to sugary drinks. May prevent kidney stones – helps flush out excess minerals from the body. Tip: Choose fresh coconut water instead of packaged ones with added sugar.

 

  Did you know a short nap can boost your health and energy? Improves memory & focus – a 20–30 min nap refreshes your brain. Reduces stress – helps your body relax and lowers cortisol (stress hormone). Boosts heart health – studies show occasional naps support cardiovascular wellness. Improves mood – you feel calmer and more positive after resting. Restores energy – great if you had poor sleep the night before. Tip: Keep naps short (20–30 min). Longer naps may make you feel groggy.

 A good night’s sleep is essential for energy, focus, and overall health. Poor sleep can increase the risk of stress, diabetes, and even heart disease. Here are some simple ways to improve your sleep quality: 1. Keep a Regular Sleep Schedule Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. 2. Limit Screen Time at Night Avoid phones, TV, or laptops at least 1 hour before bed. Blue light affects your sleep cycle. 3. Create a Relaxing Bedtime Routine Read a book, listen to calming music, or try meditation before sleeping. 4. Avoid Caffeine Late in the Day Coffee, tea, and energy drinks can stay in your system for hours and disturb sleep. 5. Make Your Room Comfortable Keep your bedroom cool, dark, and quiet for better rest. 6. Exercise Regularly A 20–30 minute walk or light exercise during the day helps you sleep faster at night.

  What is Montelukast? Montelukast is a medicine that belongs to the group of leukotriene receptor antagonists. It works by blocking certain natural substances (leukotrienes) that cause allergies and asthma symptoms. Common Uses Prevention and long-term treatment of asthma Relief from allergic rhinitis (sneezing, runny or stuffy nose) Prevents exercise-induced breathing problems Sometimes prescribed for chronic urticaria (hives) Dosage (General) Adults: 10 mg once daily in the evening Children (6–14 years): 5 mg once daily Children (2–5 years): 4 mg once daily  Always use as prescribed by a doctor. Side Effects Headache Abdominal pain Cough or sore throat Rare: Mood changes, depression, allergic reactions Precautions Not a rescue medicine (cannot stop sudden asthma attack) Inform doctor if you have mental health issues Use with caution in pregnancy and breastfeeding

High blood pressure (hypertension) is one of the most common health problems today. Along with medicines like Losartan, making small lifestyle changes can help keep your blood pressure under control. ✅ 1. Reduce Salt Intake Too much salt makes your body hold water, which increases blood pressure. Use herbs and spices instead of extra salt for flavor. ✅ 2. Stay Active At least 30 minutes of walking, cycling, or yoga daily helps strengthen the heart and lower blood pressure naturally. ✅ 3. Eat a Heart-Healthy Diet Include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and foods rich in potassium (like bananas, spinach, beans). Limit fried and processed foods. ✅ 4. Manage Stress Practice deep breathing, meditation, or listening to calming music. Stress hormones can raise blood pressure if uncontrolled. ✅ 5. Limit Alcohol and Quit Smoking Alcohol and smoking both raise blood pressure and damage the heart. Reducing or quitting then gives quick benefits.

Losartan is a commonly prescribed medicine that belongs to a class of drugs called angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs). It is mainly used to treat high blood pressure and protect the kidneys in diabetic patients. ✅ What is Losartan? Losartan works by relaxing blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood. This helps lower blood pressure and reduces the risk of stroke, heart attack, and kidney problems. 📌 Common Uses Treatment of high blood pressure (hypertension) Protecting kidneys in type 2 diabetes with proteinuria Managing heart failure (sometimes prescribed with other drugs) Reducing risk of stroke in certain patients 💊 Dosage (for Adults) Usual starting dose: 50 mg once daily Can be increased to 100 mg daily depending on response For children (above 6 years): dose depends on body weight (doctor’s advice needed) ⚠️ Side Effects Losartan is generally well tolerated, but some people may experience: Dizziness or lightheadedness High potassium levels (hyperkalemia) ...

  Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It is available over-the-counter and by prescription, and is used for pain, fever, and inflammation. ✅ What is Ibuprofen? Ibuprofen reduces pain, fever, and swelling by blocking the production of prostaglandins (chemicals that cause pain and inflammation). 📌 Common Uses Headache and migraine relief Fever reduction Muscle pain and sports injuries Toothache and dental pain Arthritis pain (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) Menstrual cramps (dysmenorrhea) 💊 Dosage (for Adults) 200–400 mg every 6–8 hours as needed Do not exceed 3200 mg per day Children: dose depends on age/weight (doctor’s advice needed) ⚠️ Side Effects While effective, ibuprofen may cause side effects, especially with long-term use: Stomach upset, nausea, or heartburn Gastric ulcers or bleeding (with prolonged use) Kidney problems (rare, with high doses) Allergic reactions (rash, swelling, difficulty breathing – rare) ❗ Important Safety Ti...

  The old saying “An apple a day keeps the doctor away” is true! Apples are simple, affordable, and full of health benefits. Here’s why you should include them in your daily diet: 1. Rich in Fiber – Improves digestion and prevents constipation. 2. Boosts Immunity – Vitamin C helps fight infections. 3. Heart Friendly – Reduces cholesterol and improves heart health. 4. Helps in Weight Management – Low in calories, keeps you full longer. 5. Controls Blood Sugar – Good for people with diabetes. 6. Good for Lungs – Regular apple eaters have better lung function. 7. Improves Brain Health – Protects against memory decline. 8. Strengthens Teeth – Chewing apples helps clean teeth naturally. 9. Prevents Cancer – Antioxidants reduce cancer risk. 10. Glowing Skin – Hydration + vitamins = healthy skin. 💡 Tip: Eat apples with the skin on – that’s where most of the nutrients are!

  Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen , is one of the most commonly used medicines worldwide. It is an analgesic(pain reliever) and antipyretic(fever reducer) . Doctors often often prescribe it for fever, headaches, muscle pain, and mild to moderate pain conditions. USES Reduces fever relieves headaches and migraines Helps with toothache Eases menstrual cramps Useful in muscle pain, joint pain, and backache. Often used in cold and flu conditions. DOSAGE  Usual dose: 500mg to 1000mg every 4-6 hours as needed Maximum daily dose: 4000mg (4g). Do not exceed the maximum dose, as it can harm the liver. Dosage for children should be as per doctor's advice. SIDE EFFECTS Paracetamol is generally safe, but side effects can occur if overdosed: Nausea or vomiting Liver damage (in high doses) Allergic reaction (rare: rash, swelling, difficulty breathing) PRECAUTIONS Avoid alcohol while taking paracetamol (increases risk of liver damage) People with liver diseases should consult a doc...

  Good digestion keeps your body healthy and energetic. Here are easy ways to take care of your gut: 1. Eat slowly: Chewing well helps your stomach digest better. 2. Stay Hydrated: Water keeps digestion smooth and prevents constipation. 3. Add Fiber:  Whole grains, fruits, and vegetables support healthy bowel movements. 4. Don't Skip Meals: Eating on time keeps your digestive system regular. 5. Limit Junk Food: Oily and processed foods slow down digestion. 6. Exercise regularly: Even a 20-minute walk helps digestion. 7. Avoid Late-Night Heavy Meals: Eating too late can cause acidity. 8. Manage Stress: Stress directly affects your gut health. Tip: A small cup of warm water with lemon in the morning can help kickstart digestion.

Walking is one of the simplest and most effective forms of exercise. Just 30 minutes a day can transform your health in many ways. Here are 7 powerful benefits of daily walking: 1. IMPROVES HEART HEALTH: Walking strengthens your heart, improves blood circulation, and lowers blood pressure 2. HELPS IN WEIGHT MANAGEMENT: Regular walking burns calories and helps maintain a healthy weight. 3. BOOSTS MOOD & REDUCES STRESS: Walking releases endorphins, reduces anxiety, and improves mental well-being. 4.STRENGTHENS B ONES AND MUSCLES: Daily walking keeps bones stronger and reduces the risk of osteoporosis. 5. IMPROVES DIGESTION: A short walk after meals helps with digestion and prevents bloating. 6. ENHANCES SLEEP QUALITY: Walking in the evening or morning helps regulate sleep cycles and reduces insomnia. 7. SUPPORTS LONGEVITY: Studies show people who walk regularly live longer and healthier lives. Tip: Start with 20-30 minutes a day, and slowly increase your pace. Even small steps matter...

  Amlodipine is a widely used medicine for controlling high blood pressure(hypertension) and chest pain(angina). It belongs to a group of drugs called calcium channel blockers , which help relax blood vessels and improve blood flow. USES  Treatment of high blood pressure(hypertension) Prevention of angina(chest pain) Improves blood circulation to the heart Sometimes used in combination with other medications for heart conditions How it works? Amlodipine blocks calcium from entering the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels. This relaxes and widens the blood vessels, making it easier for the heart to pump blood, and lowers blood pressure. COMMON SIDE EFFECTS Most people tolerate amlodipine well, but some may experience: Swelling of feet or ankles(edema) Headache Dizziness or lightheadedness Flushing(warm feeling in face) Fatigue SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS Rare, seek medical help immediately Chest pain that worsens Irregular heartbeat Severe swelling or difficulty breathing Fain...

  Water is life. Your body is made of around 60% water, and staying hydrated is essential for overall health. Here are  10 science-backed reasons  you should drink enough water every day. 1. Boosts Energy & Brain Functions Dehydration can cause tiredness, headaches, and poor focus. Proper hydration keeps your mind sharp and active. 2. Improves digestion Water helps break down food and prevents constipation. 3. Clearer, Healthier skin Flushes out toxins and reduces dryness, acne, and dullness. 4. Supports weight loss Drinking water before meals can help control appetite and reduce calorie intake. 5. Regulates Body Temperature Prevents overheating and maintains proper internal temperature during exercise. 6. Keeps Kidneys Healthy Helps filter waste, preventing kidney stones and infections. 7. Lubricates Joints Reduces friction between bones, preventing stiffness and pain. 8. Boosts Immunity Helps carry oxygen and nutrients to cells, strengthening your immune defense. 9....

Cefalexin (also spelled cephalexin ) is a widely used first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic . It’s commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections, especially those involving the skin, respiratory tract, ears, bones , and urinary tract . In this post, I’ll break down the basics of cefalexin in a way that's easy to understand – whether you're a patient, a pharmacy student, or just curious about medications.  What Is Cefalexin? Cefalexin is an oral antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis , making it effective against many Gram-positive and some Gram-negative bacteria.  It’s commonly sold under brand names like Keflex , Cepol , and Sporidex . Indications (Uses) Cefalexin is used to treat: Skin and soft tissue infections (e.g. cellulitis, infected wounds) Pharyngitis and tonsillitis (caused by Streptococcus pyogenes) Otitis media (middle ear infection) Bone infections (e.g. osteomyelitis) Urinary tract infections (UTIs) D...

  Metformin is one of the most commonly prescribed medications for type 2 diabetes . It belongs to the class of drugs known as biguanides and plays a crucial role in managing blood sugar levels. In this blog post, we'll explore how Metformin works, its benefits, side effects, and key precautions every patient should know. What is Metformin? Metformin is an oral medication used primarily to: Lower blood glucose (sugar) levels Improve insulin sensitivity Reduce glucose production in the liver It is most commonly sold under brand names like Glucophage , Fortamet , and Riomet . How Does Metformin Work? Metformin works in three main ways: Reduces glucose production in the liver. Increases insulin sensitivity in muscle cells. Delays absorption of sugar from the intestines. These actions help lower overall blood glucose levels without causing significant weight gain or low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when used alone.  Dosage & Administration Metform...

  What is Pantoprazole? Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) medicine that reduces the amount of acid your stomach makes. It is commonly prescribed for acidity, heartburn, and ulcer prevention. USES OF PANTOPRAZOLE Pantoprazole is used to treat: GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) - Acid reflux that causes heartburn Peptic & Duodenal Ulcers - Sores in the stomach or upper intestine Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - A rare condition with excess stomach acid Acid-related damage to the esophagus (erosive esophagitis) Prevention of stomach ulcers in people taking long-term painkillers(NSAIDs) How does Pantoprazole Work? Pantoprazole blocks the proton pumps in the stomach lining. Proton pumps are responsible for producing stomach acid. by blocking them, pantoprazole reduces acidity and allows the stomach to heal. COMMON BRAND NAMES Pan 40 / Pan 20 Pantocid Pantodac Protonix (international brand) How to take Pantoprazole Usually taken once daily before breakfast  Swallow ...

  Atorvastatin is a prescription medication from the statin group, widely prescribed to manage high cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. By lowering harmful cholesterol levels and improving the balance of blood lipids, it plays a crucial role in preventing heart attacks and strokes. This guide explains everything you need to know about Atorvastatin, from its medical uses to safety tips. How Atorvastatin Works Atorvastatin works by inhibiting an enzyme called HMG-CoA reductase in the liver. This enzyme is responsible for producing cholesterol. By blocking it, Atorvastatin: Lowers LDL (low-density lipoprotein) – "bad cholesterol" Raises HDL (high-density lipoprotein) – " good cholesterol" Reduces triglyceride level. This combined effect reduces plaque buildup in arteries and improves blood flow.   MEDICAL USES Doctor prescribes Atorvastatin for: Hypercholesterolemia -high cholesterol levels Prevention of cardiovascular events(heart attack, strok...

  Amoxicillin - Uses, Side Effects, Dosage, and Precautions Amoxicillin is a widely used antibiotics that belongs to the penicillin group of medicines. it helps fight bacterial infections by stopping the growth of bacteria. it is commonly prescribed for ear, nose, throat, lung, urinary, and skin infections.