Levothyroxine: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, and Precautions

 


Introduction

Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It is commonly prescribed to treat hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. Thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating metabolism, energy levels, and overall body function.


Uses of Levothyroxine

1. Treatment of hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid).

2. Used in patients with goiter (enlarged thyroid).

3. Prevents recurrence of thyroid cancer after surgery.

4. Helps in certain cases of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.


Dosage

Dosage is individualized based on age, weight, and thyroid hormone levels.

Typical adult dose: 25–200 mcg once daily, taken in the morning.

Must be taken on an empty stomach, at least 30–60 minutes before breakfast.


Side Effects (usually if dose is too high)

Nervousness, anxiety

Tremors

Increased heart rate (palpitations)

Insomnia

Weight loss

Heat intolerance


Serious but rare side effects:

Chest pain

Severe headache

Shortness of breath


Precautions

Not a weight-loss medicine (shouldn’t be misused).

Tell your doctor if you have heart disease, adrenal gland problems, or osteoporosis.

Some medicines (calcium, iron supplements, antacids) can reduce absorption — take them 4 hours apart.

Regular thyroid function tests (TSH, T4) are necessary to monitor dose.


Conclusion

Levothyroxine is a lifelong therapy for patients with hypothyroidism. Taking it correctly and consistently can help maintain energy, metabolism, and overall health.

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